Logo
Articles Compilers Libraries Books MiniBooklets Assembly C++ Rust Go Linux CPU Others Videos
Advertisement

Article by Ayman Alheraki on January 11 2026 10:33 AM

ÿþ<html xmlns:v="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:vml" xmlns:o="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" xmlns:w="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:word" xmlns:m="http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/2004/12/omml" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40"> <head> <meta http-equiv=Content-Type content="text/html; charset=unicode"> <meta name=ProgId content=Word.Document> <meta name=Generator content="Microsoft Word 15"> <meta name=Originator content="Microsoft Word 15"> <link rel=File-List href="a0264_files/filelist.xml"> <title>The Disappearance of Localized Programming Languages Why English Dominates Programming Today</title> <!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:DocumentProperties> <o:Author>Ayman Alheraki</o:Author> <o:LastAuthor>Ayman Alheraki</o:LastAuthor> <o:Revision>2</o:Revision> <o:TotalTime>0</o:TotalTime> <o:Created>2024-09-28T14:44:00Z</o:Created> <o:LastSaved>2024-09-28T14:44:00Z</o:LastSaved> <o:Pages>3</o:Pages> <o:Words>627</o:Words> <o:Characters>3580</o:Characters> <o:Lines>29</o:Lines> <o:Paragraphs>8</o:Paragraphs> <o:CharactersWithSpaces>4199</o:CharactersWithSpaces> <o:Version>16.00</o:Version> </o:DocumentProperties> <o:OfficeDocumentSettings> <o:AllowPNG/> </o:OfficeDocumentSettings> </xml><![endif]--> <link rel=themeData href="a0264_files/themedata.thmx"> <link rel=colorSchemeMapping href="a0264_files/colorschememapping.xml"> <!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Print</w:View> <w:TrackMoves>false</w:TrackMoves> <w:TrackFormatting/> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:DoNotPromoteQF/> <w:LidThemeOther>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther> <w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian> <w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript> <w:Compatibility> <w:BreakWrappedTables/> <w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/> </w:Compatibility> <m:mathPr> <m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/> <m:brkBin m:val="before"/> <m:brkBinSub m:val="&#45;-"/> <m:smallFrac m:val="off"/> <m:dispDef/> <m:lMargin m:val="0"/> <m:rMargin m:val="0"/> <m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/> <m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/> <m:intLim m:val="subSup"/> <m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/> </m:mathPr></w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="false" DefSemiHidden="false" DefQFormat="false" DefPriority="99" LatentStyleCount="376"> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" QFormat="true" Name="Normal"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 7"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 8"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 9"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="index 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="index 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="index 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="index 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="index 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="index 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="index 7"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="index 8"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="index 9"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 7"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 8"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 9"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Normal Indent"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="footnote text"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="annotation text"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="header"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="footer"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="index heading"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="35" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="caption"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="table of figures"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="envelope address"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="envelope return"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="footnote reference"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="annotation reference"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="line number"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="page number"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="endnote reference"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="endnote text"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="table of authorities"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="macro"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toa heading"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="List"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="List Bullet"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="List Number"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="List 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="List 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="List 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="List 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="List Bullet 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="List Bullet 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="List Bullet 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="List Bullet 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="List Number 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="List Number 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="List Number 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="List Number 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Closing"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Signature"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Default Paragraph Font"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Body Text"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Body Text Indent"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="List Continue"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="List Continue 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="List Continue 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="List Continue 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="List Continue 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Message Header"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Salutation"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Date"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Body Text First Indent"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Body Text First Indent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Note Heading"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Body Text 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Body Text 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Body Text Indent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Body Text Indent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Block Text"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Hyperlink"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="FollowedHyperlink"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Document Map"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Plain Text"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="E-mail Signature"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="HTML Top of Form"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="HTML Bottom of Form"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Normal (Web)"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="HTML Acronym"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="HTML Address"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="HTML Cite"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="HTML Code"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="HTML Definition"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="HTML Keyboard"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="HTML Preformatted"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="HTML Sample"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="HTML Typewriter"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="HTML Variable"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Normal Table"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="annotation subject"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="No List"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Outline List 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Outline List 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Outline List 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table Simple 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table Simple 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table Simple 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table Classic 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table Classic 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table Classic 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table Classic 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table Colorful 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table Colorful 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table Colorful 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table Columns 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table Columns 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table Columns 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table Columns 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table Columns 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table Grid 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table Grid 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table Grid 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table Grid 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table Grid 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table Grid 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table Grid 7"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table Grid 8"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table List 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table List 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table List 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table List 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table List 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table List 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table List 7"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table List 8"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table 3D effects 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table 3D effects 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table 3D effects 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table Contemporary"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table Elegant"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table Professional"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table Subtle 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table Subtle 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table Web 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table Web 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table Web 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Balloon Text"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="Table Grid"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Table Theme"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Placeholder Text"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Revision"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" QFormat="true" Name="List Paragraph"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Quote"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Emphasis"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Emphasis"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Reference"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Reference"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Bibliography"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="41" Name="Plain Table 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="42" Name="Plain Table 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="43" Name="Plain Table 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="44" Name="Plain Table 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="45" Name="Plain Table 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="40" Name="Grid Table Light"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="Grid Table 1 Light"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="List Table 1 Light"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="List Table 6 Colorful"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="List Table 7 Colorful"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Mention"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Smart Hyperlink"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Hashtag"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Unresolved Mention"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Smart Link"/> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--> <link rel=Stylesheet type="text/css" media=all href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Open+Sans:400italic,700italic,700,400&amp;subset=latin,latin-ext"> <style> <!-- @media screen and (max-width: 500px) { body.typora-export { padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; } #write { padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px; } } @media print { body, html { border: 1px solid transparent; height: 99%; break-after: avoid; break-before: avoid; font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; } #write { margin-top: 0px; border-color: transparent !important; padding-top: 0px !important; padding-bottom: 0px !important; } .typora-export * { -webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; } .typora-export #write { break-after: avoid; } .typora-export #write::after { height: 0px; } .is-mac table { break-inside: avoid; } #write > p:nth-child(1) { margin-top: 0px; } .typora-export-show-outline .typora-export-sidebar { display: none; } figure { overflow-x: visible; } } @media screen and (max-width: 48em) { .md-toc-h3 .md-toc-inner { margin-left: 3.5em; } .md-toc-h4 .md-toc-inner { margin-left: 5em; } .md-toc-h5 .md-toc-inner { margin-left: 6.5em; } .md-toc-h6 .md-toc-inner { margin-left: 8em; } } @media print { .typora-export h1, .typora-export h2, .typora-export h3, .typora-export h4, .typora-export h5, .typora-export h6 { break-inside: avoid; } } @media screen and (max-width: 1024px) { .typora-export-sidebar, .typora-export-sidebar .outline-content { width: 240px; } } @media screen and (max-width: 800px) { .typora-export-sidebar { display: none; } } @include-when-export url(https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Open+Sans:400italic,700italic,700,400&subset=latin,latin-ext); @media only screen and (min-width: 1400px) { #write { max-width: 1024px; } } @media only screen and (min-width: 1800px) { #write { max-width: 1200px; } } @media print { html { font-size: 13px; } pre { page-break-inside: avoid; word-wrap: break-word; } } html {overflow-x: initial !important;} :root { --bg-color: #ffffff; --text-color: #333333; --select-text-bg-color: #B5D6FC; --select-text-font-color: auto; --monospace: "Lucida Console",Consolas,"Courier",monospace; --title-bar-height: 20px; } .MAC-OS-11 {--title-bar-height: 28px;} html {background-color: var(--bg-color); color: var(--text-color); -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;} h1 {white-space: pre-wrap;} h2 {white-space: pre-wrap;} h3 {white-space: pre-wrap;} h4 {white-space: pre-wrap;} h5 {white-space: pre-wrap;} body {inset: 0px; font-size: 1rem; overflow-x: hidden; background: inherit;} a:active {outline: 0px;} a:hover {outline: 0px;} :selection { text-shadow: none; background: var(--select-text-bg-color); color: var(--select-text-font-color); } #WRITE {width: inherit; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow-x: visible; position:relative;} #write.first-line-indent p { text-indent: 2em; } #write.first-line-indent li p, #write.first-line-indent p * { text-indent: 0px; } #write.first-line-indent li { margin-left: 2em; } .TYPORA-EXPORT .FOOTNOTE-LINE {white-space: pre-wrap;} .TYPORA-EXPORT li {white-space: pre-wrap;} .TYPORA-EXPORT p {white-space: pre-wrap;} .TYPORA-EXPORT .TASK-LIST-ITEM input {pointer-events: none;} #write li > figure:last-child { margin-bottom: 0.5rem; } #WRITE ol {position:relative;} #WRITE ul {position:relative;} img {max-width: 100%; image-orientation: from-image;} button, input, select, textarea { color: inherit; font: inherit; } input[type="checkbox"], input[type="radio"] { line-height: normal; padding: 0px; } *, ::after, ::before { box-sizing: border-box; } #WRITE h1 {width: inherit;} #WRITE h2 {width: inherit;} #WRITE h3 {width: inherit;} #WRITE h4 {width: inherit;} #WRITE h5 {width: inherit;} #WRITE h6 {width: inherit;} #WRITE p {width: inherit;} #WRITE pre {width: inherit;} #WRITE h1 {position:relative;} #WRITE h2 {position:relative;} #WRITE h3 {position:relative;} #WRITE h4 {position:relative;} #WRITE h5 {position:relative;} #WRITE h6 {position:relative;} #WRITE p {position:relative;} p {line-height: inherit;} h1 {break-after: avoid-page; break-inside: avoid; orphans: 4;} h2 {break-after: avoid-page; break-inside: avoid; orphans: 4;} h3 {break-after: avoid-page; break-inside: avoid; orphans: 4;} h4 {break-after: avoid-page; break-inside: avoid; orphans: 4;} h5 {break-after: avoid-page; break-inside: avoid; orphans: 4;} h6 {break-after: avoid-page; break-inside: avoid; orphans: 4;} p {orphans: 4;} h1 {font-size: 2rem;} h2 {font-size: 1.8rem;} h3 {font-size: 1.6rem;} h4 {font-size: 1.4rem;} h5 {font-size: 1.2rem;} h6 {font-size: 1rem;} .MD-MATH-BLOCK {margin-top: 1rem; margin-bottom: 1rem;} .MD-RAWBLOCK {margin-top: 1rem; margin-bottom: 1rem;} h1 {margin-top: 1rem; margin-bottom: 1rem;} h2 {margin-top: 1rem; margin-bottom: 1rem;} h3 {margin-top: 1rem; margin-bottom: 1rem;} h4 {margin-top: 1rem; margin-bottom: 1rem;} h5 {margin-top: 1rem; margin-bottom: 1rem;} h6 {margin-top: 1rem; margin-bottom: 1rem;} p {margin-top: 1rem; margin-bottom: 1rem;} a {cursor: pointer;} sup.MD-FOOTNOTE {background-color: rgba(238, 238, 238, 0.7); border-radius: 4px; cursor: pointer;} sup.MD-FOOTNOTE a {color: inherit; text-transform: inherit; text-decoration: inherit;} sup.MD-FOOTNOTE a:hover {color: inherit; text-transform: inherit; text-decoration: inherit;} #write input[type="checkbox"] { cursor: pointer; width: inherit; height: inherit; } figure { overflow-x: auto; margin: 1.2em 0px; max-width: calc(100% + 16px); padding: 0px; } figure > table { margin: 0px; } thead {break-inside: avoid; break-after: auto;} tr {break-inside: avoid; break-after: auto;} thead {display: table-header-group;} table {border-spacing: 0px; break-inside: auto; overflow:auto;} table.MD-TABLE td {min-width: 32px;} .CODEMIRROR-GUTTERS {background-color: inherit;} .CODEMIRROR-LINENUMBER {user-select: none;} .CODEMIRROR-PLACEHOLDER {opacity: 0.3;} div.hr:focus { cursor: none; } #WRITE pre {white-space: pre-wrap;} #write.fences-no-line-wrapping pre { white-space: pre; } .MD-FENCES {font-size: 0.9rem; break-inside: avoid; background: inherit; overflow:visible; position:relative;} .MD-FENCES-ADV-PANEL {overflow-x: auto;} #write .md-fences.mock-cm { white-space: pre-wrap; } .md-fences.md-fences-with-lineno { padding-left: 0px; } #write.fences-no-line-wrapping .md-fences.mock-cm { white-space: pre; overflow-x: auto; } .md-fences.mock-cm.md-fences-with-lineno { padding-left: 8px; } .CodeMirror-line, twitterwidget { break-inside: avoid; } svg { break-inside: avoid; } .FOOTNOTES {opacity: 0.8; font-size: 0.9rem;} .footnotes + .footnotes { margin-top: 0px; } .MD-RESET {outline: 0px; cursor: inherit; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: content-box; background-position-x:0px; background-position-y:0px; float:none; position:static;} blockquote {margin: 1rem 0px;} li .MATHJAX-BLOCK {margin: 0.5rem 0px;} li p {margin: 0.5rem 0px;} li blockquote {margin: 1rem 0px;} li {position:relative;} blockquote > :last-child { margin-bottom: 0px; } blockquote > :first-child, li > :first-child { margin-top: 0px; } .FOOTNOTES-AREA {margin-top: 0.714rem; padding-bottom: 0.143rem;} #WRITE .FOOTNOTE-LINE {white-space: pre-wrap;} a img {cursor: pointer;} img a {cursor: pointer;} pre.MD-META-BLOCK {font-size: 0.8rem; min-height: 0.8rem; white-space: pre-wrap; overflow-x: hidden;} p > .md-image:only-child:not(.md-img-error) img, p > img:only-child { display: block; margin: auto; } #write.first-line-indent p > .md-image:only-child:not(.md-img-error) img { left: -2em; position: relative; } p > .md-image:only-child { display: inline-block; width: 100%; } .md-math-block:not(:empty)::after { display: none; } .MATHJAX\_REF {fill: currentcolor;} [contenteditable="true"]:active, [contenteditable="true"]:focus, [contenteditable="false"]:active, [contenteditable="false"]:focus { outline: 0px; box-shadow: none; } .MD-TASK-LIST-ITEM {position:relative;} .task-list-item.md-task-list-item { padding-left: 0px; } .md-task-list-item > input { position: absolute; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin-left: -1.2em; margin-top: calc(1em - 10px); border: none; } .MATH {font-size: 1rem;} .MD-TOC {min-height: 3.58rem; font-size: 0.9rem; border-radius: 10px; position:relative;} .MD-TOC-CONTENT {position:relative;} :after, .md-toc::after { display: none; } .MD-TOC-INNER {display: inline-block; cursor: pointer;} a.MD-TOC-INNER {font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit;} .footnote-line a:not(.reversefootnote) { color: inherit; } :after { content: "."; } kbd {border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: rgba(12, 13, 14, 0.2) 0px 1px 0px, rgb(255, 255, 255) 0px 0px 0px 2px inset;} .MD-COMMENT {opacity: 0.6;} code {vertical-align: initial;} a.MD-PRINT-ANCHOR {border-width: initial !important; border-color: initial !important; display: inline-block !important; outline: 0px !important; text-decoration: initial !important; text-shadow: initial !important; background-position-x:0px; background-position-y:0px; position:absolute; right:0px;} .os-windows.monocolor-emoji .md-emoji { font-family: "Segoe UI Symbol", sans-serif; } .md-diagram-panel > svg { max-width: 100%; } [lang="flow"] svg, [lang="mermaid"] svg { max-width: 100%; height: auto; } [lang="mermaid"] .node text { font-size: 1rem; } video { max-width: 100%; display: block; margin: 0px auto; } iframe {max-width: 100%;} mark { background: rgb(255, 255, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); } .md-html-inline .md-plain, .md-html-inline strong, mark .md-inline-math, mark strong { color: inherit; } .md-expand mark .md-meta { opacity: 0.3 !important; } mark .md-meta { color: rgb(0, 0, 0); } .MD-DIAGRAM-PANEL .MESSAGETEXT {stroke: none !important;} .MD-DIAGRAM-PANEL .START-STATE {fill: var(--node-fill);} .md-diagram-panel .edgeLabel rect { opacity: 1 !important; } .md-fences.md-fences-math { font-size: 1em; } .md-fences-advanced:not(.md-focus) { padding: 0px; white-space: nowrap; border: 0px; } .md-fences-advanced:not(.md-focus) { background: inherit; } .TYPORA-EXPORT-SHOW-OUTLINE .TYPORA-EXPORT-CONTENT {display: flex; flex-direction: row;} .TYPORA-EXPORT-SIDEBAR {font-size: 0.8rem;} .TYPORA-EXPORT-SHOW-OUTLINE #WRITE {--webkit-flex: 2; flex: 2 1 0%;} .TYPORA-EXPORT-SIDEBAR .OUTLINE-CONTENT {position: fixed; max-height: 100%; overflow: hidden auto; top:0px;} .OUTLINE-CONTENT li {overflow-wrap: anywhere;} .OUTLINE-CONTENT ul {overflow-wrap: anywhere;} .OUTLINE-EXPANDER {width: 1rem; height: 1.42857rem; display: table-cell; cursor: pointer; position:relative;} :before { content: "%ñ"; position: relative; font-family: Ionicons; display: inline-block; font-size: 8px; vertical-align: middle; } .OUTLINE-ITEM {cursor: pointer;} :before { content: "#ñ"; } .outline-h1 > .outline-item { padding-left: 0px; } .outline-h2 > .outline-item { padding-left: 1em; } .outline-h3 > .outline-item { padding-left: 2em; } .outline-h4 > .outline-item { padding-left: 3em; } .outline-h5 > .outline-item { padding-left: 4em; } .outline-h6 > .outline-item { padding-left: 5em; } .OUTLINE-LABEL {cursor: pointer; display: table-cell; color: inherit;} .OUTLINE-ITEM:hover {background-color: var(--item-hover-bg-color);} .OUTLINE-ITEM:hover {border-left: 28px solid transparent; border-right: 28px solid transparent;} :before, .outline-item-single .outline-expander:hover::before { display: none; } .outline-item-open > .outline-item > .outline-expander::before { content: "#ñ"; } .outline-item-open > .outline-children { display: block; } .TYPORA-EXPORT .OUTLINE-ITEM:hover {border-right: 8px solid transparent;} :before { content: "+"; font-family: inherit; top: -1px; } :before, .typora-export .outline-item-open > .outline-item > .outline-expander::before { content: """; } .typora-export-collapse-outline .outline-item-open > .outline-children, .typora-export-no-collapse-outline .outline-children { display: block; } :before { content: "" !important; } .typora-export-show-outline .outline-item-active > .outline-item .outline-label { font-weight: 700; } .md-inline-math-container mjx-container { zoom: 0.95; } mjx-container { break-inside: avoid; } .md-alert.md-alert-note { border-left-color: rgb(9, 105, 218); } .md-alert.md-alert-important { border-left-color: rgb(130, 80, 223); } .md-alert.md-alert-warning { border-left-color: rgb(154, 103, 0); } .md-alert.md-alert-tip { border-left-color: rgb(31, 136, 61); } .md-alert.md-alert-caution { border-left-color: rgb(207, 34, 46); } .MD-ALERT {color: inherit;} .MD-ALERT-TEXT {font-size: 0.9rem;} .md-alert-text svg { fill: currentcolor; position: relative; top: 0.125em; margin-right: 1ch; overflow: visible; } :after { content: attr(data-text); text-transform: capitalize; pointer-events: none; margin-right: 1ch; } :root { --side-bar-bg-color: #fafafa; --control-text-color: #777; } html {-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;} #write > ul:first-child, #write > ol:first-child{ margin-top: 30px; } h1 {margin-top: 1rem; margin-bottom: 1rem; cursor:text; position:relative;} h2 {margin-top: 1rem; margin-bottom: 1rem; cursor:text; position:relative;} h3 {margin-top: 1rem; margin-bottom: 1rem; cursor:text; position:relative;} h4 {margin-top: 1rem; margin-bottom: 1rem; cursor:text; position:relative;} h5 {margin-top: 1rem; margin-bottom: 1rem; cursor:text; position:relative;} h6 {margin-top: 1rem; margin-bottom: 1rem; cursor:text; position:relative;} h1 tt {font-size: inherit;} h1 code {font-size: inherit;} h2 tt {font-size: inherit;} h2 code {font-size: inherit;} h3 tt {font-size: inherit;} h3 code {font-size: inherit;} h4 tt {font-size: inherit;} h4 code {font-size: inherit;} h5 tt {font-size: inherit;} h5 code {font-size: inherit;} h6 tt {font-size: inherit;} h6 code {font-size: inherit;} li>ol, li>ul { margin: 0 0; } hr {box-sizing: content-box; overflow:hidden;} li p.FIRST {display: inline-block;} ul:first-child, ol:first-child { margin-top: 0; } ul:last-child, ol:last-child { margin-bottom: 0; } table {word-break: initial;} table tr:nth-child(2n), thead { background-color: #f8f8f8; } table th:first-child, table td:first-child { margin-top: 0; } table th:last-child, table td:last-child { margin-bottom: 0; } .CODE-TOOLTIP {box-shadow: 0 1px 1px 0 rgba(0,28,36,.3);} .MD-FENCES {border-radius: 3px;} code {border-radius: 3px;} tt {border-radius: 3px;} .md-task-list-item > input { margin-left: -1.3em; } #WRITE pre.MD-META-BLOCK {padding: 1rem; border-radius: 3px;} .mathjax-block>.code-tooltip { bottom: .375rem; } #write>h3.md-focus:before{ left: -1.5625rem; top: .375rem; } #write>h4.md-focus:before{ left: -1.5625rem; top: .285714286rem; } #write>h5.md-focus:before{ left: -1.5625rem; top: .285714286rem; } #write>h6.md-focus:before{ left: -1.5625rem; top: .285714286rem; } .md-image>.md-meta { /*border: 1px solid #ddd;*/ border-radius: 3px; padding: 2px 0px 0px 4px; font-size: 0.9em; color: inherit; } .MD-TAG {opacity: 1;} .ON-FOCUS-MODE blockquote {border-left-color: rgba(85, 85, 85, 0.12);} header, .context-menu, .megamenu-content, footer{ font-family: "Segoe UI", "Arial", sans-serif; } .FILE-NODE-CONTENT:hover .FILE-NODE-ICON {visibility:visible;} .FILE-NODE-CONTENT:hover .FILE-NODE-OPEN-STATE {visibility:visible;} .MAC-SEAMLESS-MODE #TYPORA-SIDEBAR {background-color: var(--side-bar-bg-color);} .MAC-OS #WRITE {caret-color: AccentColor;} .DROPDOWN-MENU .DIVIDER {opacity: 0.4;} .ty-preferences .nav-group-item.active { color: white; background: #999; } .MENU-ITEM-CONTAINER a.MENU-STYLE-BTN {background-image: linear-gradient( 180deg , hsla(0, 0%, 100%, 0.8), hsla(0, 0%, 100%, 0));} /* Font Definitions */ @font-face {font-family:Wingdings; panose-1:5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0; mso-font-charset:2; mso-generic-font-family:auto; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:0 268435456 0 0 -2147483648 0;} @font-face {font-family:"Cambria Math"; panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:roman; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:-536869121 1107305727 33554432 0 415 0;} @font-face {font-family:"Open Sans"; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:swiss; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:-536870161 1073750107 40 0 415 0;} @font-face {font-family:"var\(--monospace\)"; panose-1:0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:roman; mso-font-format:other; mso-font-pitch:auto; mso-font-signature:0 0 0 0 0 0;} @font-face {font-family:Consolas; panose-1:2 11 6 9 2 2 4 3 2 4; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:roman; mso-font-pitch:auto; mso-font-signature:0 0 0 0 0 0;} /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-unhide:no; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; margin:0cm; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;} h1 {mso-style-priority:9; mso-style-unhide:no; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-link:"Heading 1 Char"; mso-margin-top-alt:auto; margin-right:0cm; mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; margin-left:0cm; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; mso-outline-level:1; border:none; mso-border-bottom-alt:solid #EEEEEE .75pt; padding:0cm; mso-padding-alt:0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; font-size:27.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; font-weight:bold;} h2 {mso-style-priority:9; mso-style-unhide:no; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-link:"Heading 2 Char"; mso-margin-top-alt:auto; margin-right:0cm; mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; margin-left:0cm; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; mso-outline-level:2; border:none; mso-border-bottom-alt:solid #EEEEEE .75pt; padding:0cm; mso-padding-alt:0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; font-size:21.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; font-weight:bold;} h3 {mso-style-priority:9; mso-style-unhide:no; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-link:"Heading 3 Char"; mso-margin-top-alt:auto; margin-right:0cm; mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; margin-left:0cm; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; mso-outline-level:3; font-size:18.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; font-weight:bold;} h4 {mso-style-priority:9; mso-style-unhide:no; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-link:"Heading 4 Char"; mso-margin-top-alt:auto; margin-right:0cm; mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; margin-left:0cm; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; mso-outline-level:4; font-size:15.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; font-weight:bold;} h5 {mso-style-priority:9; mso-style-unhide:no; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-link:"Heading 5 Char"; mso-margin-top-alt:auto; margin-right:0cm; mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; margin-left:0cm; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; mso-outline-level:5; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; font-weight:bold;} h6 {mso-style-priority:9; mso-style-unhide:no; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-link:"Heading 6 Char"; mso-margin-top-alt:auto; margin-right:0cm; mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; margin-left:0cm; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; mso-outline-level:6; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; color:#777777; font-weight:bold;} a:link, span.MsoHyperlink {mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; color:#4183C4; text-decoration:underline; text-underline:single;} a:visited, span.MsoHyperlinkFollowed {mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; color:#4183C4; text-decoration:underline; text-underline:single;} p {mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; margin-top:9.6pt; margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:9.6pt; margin-left:0cm; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;} code {mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-ansi-font-size:11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"var(--monospace)",serif; mso-ascii-font-family:"var\(--monospace\)"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:"var\(--monospace\)"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Courier New"; border:solid #E7EAED 1.0pt; mso-border-alt:solid #E7EAED .75pt; padding:2.0pt; background:#F3F4F4;} kbd {mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-ansi-font-size:9.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size:9.5pt; font-family:"Courier New"; mso-ascii-font-family:"Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:"Courier New"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Courier New"; color:#242729; border:solid #ADB3B9 1.0pt; mso-border-alt:solid #ADB3B9 .75pt; padding:1.0pt; background:white;} pre {mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-link:"HTML Preformatted Char"; margin:0cm; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; tab-stops:45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"var(--monospace)",serif; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-bidi-font-family:"Courier New";} samp {mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; font-family:"var(--monospace)",serif; mso-ascii-font-family:"var\(--monospace\)"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:"var\(--monospace\)"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Courier New";} tt {mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-ansi-font-size:11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"var(--monospace)",serif; mso-ascii-font-family:"var\(--monospace\)"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:"var\(--monospace\)"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Courier New"; border:solid #E7EAED 1.0pt; mso-border-alt:solid #E7EAED .75pt; padding:2.0pt; background:#F8F8F8;} span.Heading1Char {mso-style-name:"Heading 1 Char"; mso-style-priority:9; mso-style-unhide:no; mso-style-locked:yes; mso-style-link:"Heading 1"; mso-ansi-font-size:20.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:20.0pt; font-family:"Aptos Display",sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family:"Aptos Display"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:major-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:"Aptos Display"; mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi; color:#0F4761; mso-themecolor:accent1; mso-themeshade:191;} span.Heading2Char {mso-style-name:"Heading 2 Char"; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:9; mso-style-unhide:no; mso-style-locked:yes; mso-style-link:"Heading 2"; mso-ansi-font-size:16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:16.0pt; font-family:"Aptos Display",sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family:"Aptos Display"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:major-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:"Aptos Display"; mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi; color:#0F4761; mso-themecolor:accent1; mso-themeshade:191;} span.Heading3Char {mso-style-name:"Heading 3 Char"; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:9; mso-style-unhide:no; mso-style-locked:yes; mso-style-link:"Heading 3"; mso-ansi-font-size:14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:14.0pt; font-family:"Aptos",sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family:Aptos; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:major-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Aptos; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi; color:#0F4761; mso-themecolor:accent1; mso-themeshade:191;} span.Heading4Char {mso-style-name:"Heading 4 Char"; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:9; mso-style-unhide:no; mso-style-locked:yes; mso-style-link:"Heading 4"; mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Aptos",sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family:Aptos; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:major-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Aptos; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi; color:#0F4761; mso-themecolor:accent1; mso-themeshade:191; font-style:italic;} span.Heading5Char {mso-style-name:"Heading 5 Char"; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:9; mso-style-unhide:no; mso-style-locked:yes; mso-style-link:"Heading 5"; mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Aptos",sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family:Aptos; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:major-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Aptos; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi; color:#0F4761; mso-themecolor:accent1; mso-themeshade:191;} span.Heading6Char {mso-style-name:"Heading 6 Char"; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:9; mso-style-unhide:no; mso-style-locked:yes; mso-style-link:"Heading 6"; mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Aptos",sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family:Aptos; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:major-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Aptos; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi; color:#595959; mso-themecolor:text1; mso-themetint:166; font-style:italic;} span.HTMLPreformattedChar {mso-style-name:"HTML Preformatted Char"; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-unhide:no; mso-style-locked:yes; mso-style-link:"HTML Preformatted"; font-family:"Consolas",serif; mso-ascii-font-family:Consolas; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Consolas;} p.msonormal0, li.msonormal0, div.msonormal0 {mso-style-name:msonormal; mso-style-unhide:no; margin-top:9.6pt; margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:9.6pt; margin-left:0cm; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;} p.hidden, li.hidden, div.hidden {mso-style-name:hidden; mso-style-unhide:no; margin:0cm; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; display:none; mso-hide:all;} p.md-blockmeta, li.md-blockmeta, div.md-blockmeta {mso-style-name:md-blockmeta; mso-style-unhide:no; margin:0cm; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; color:#CCCCCC; font-weight:bold; font-style:italic;} p.codemirror-gutters, li.codemirror-gutters, div.codemirror-gutters {mso-style-name:codemirror-gutters; mso-style-unhide:no; margin-top:0cm; margin-right:3.0pt; margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:0cm; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;} p.codemirror, li.codemirror, div.codemirror {mso-style-name:codemirror; mso-style-unhide:no; margin:0cm; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;} p.codemirror-lines, li.codemirror-lines, div.codemirror-lines {mso-style-name:codemirror-lines; mso-style-unhide:no; margin:0cm; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;} p.md-fences, li.md-fences, div.md-fences {mso-style-name:md-fences; mso-style-unhide:no; margin-top:11.25pt; margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:11.25pt; margin-left:0cm; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; background:#F8F8F8; border:none; mso-border-alt:solid #E7EAED .75pt; padding:0cm; mso-padding-alt:2.0pt 3.0pt 0cm 3.0pt; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;} p.md-fences-adv-panel, li.md-fences-adv-panel, div.md-fences-adv-panel {mso-style-name:md-fences-adv-panel; mso-style-unhide:no; margin-top:7.5pt; margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:0cm; text-align:center; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;} p.footnotes, li.footnotes, div.footnotes {mso-style-name:footnotes; mso-style-unhide:no; margin-top:12.0pt; margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:12.0pt; margin-left:0cm; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;} p.md-reset, li.md-reset, div.md-reset {mso-style-name:md-reset; mso-style-unhide:no; margin:0cm; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;} p.footnotes-area, li.footnotes-area, div.footnotes-area {mso-style-name:footnotes-area; mso-style-unhide:no; margin:0cm; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; color:#888888;} p.footnote-line, li.footnote-line, div.footnote-line {mso-style-name:footnote-line; mso-style-unhide:no; margin-top:8.55pt; margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:0cm; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:8.5pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;} p.md-math-block, li.md-math-block, div.md-math-block {mso-style-name:md-math-block; mso-style-unhide:no; margin:0cm; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;} p.md-toc-content, li.md-toc-content, div.md-toc-content {mso-style-name:md-toc-content; mso-style-unhide:no; margin:0cm; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;} p.md-toc-item, li.md-toc-item, div.md-toc-item {mso-style-name:md-toc-item; mso-style-unhide:no; margin:0cm; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; color:#4183C4;} p.reversefootnote, li.reversefootnote, div.reversefootnote {mso-style-name:reversefootnote; mso-style-unhide:no; margin:0cm; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Arial",sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;} p.md-attr, li.md-attr, div.md-attr {mso-style-name:md-attr; mso-style-unhide:no; margin:0cm; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; display:none; mso-hide:all;} p.md-comment, li.md-comment, div.md-comment {mso-style-name:md-comment; mso-style-unhide:no; margin:0cm; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"var(--monospace)",serif; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:#A27F03;} p.typora-export-sidebar, li.typora-export-sidebar, div.typora-export-sidebar {mso-style-name:typora-export-sidebar; mso-style-unhide:no; margin-top:60.0pt; margin-right:13.5pt; margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:0cm; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;} p.outline-expander, li.outline-expander, div.outline-expander {mso-style-name:outline-expander; mso-style-unhide:no; margin:0cm; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;} p.outline-item, li.outline-item, div.outline-item {mso-style-name:outline-item; mso-style-unhide:no; margin:0cm; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;} p.outline-label, li.outline-label, div.outline-label {mso-style-name:outline-label; mso-style-unhide:no; margin:0cm; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;} p.outline-children, li.outline-children, div.outline-children {mso-style-name:outline-children; mso-style-unhide:no; margin:0cm; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; display:none; mso-hide:all;} p.info-panel-tab-wrapper, li.info-panel-tab-wrapper, div.info-panel-tab-wrapper {mso-style-name:info-panel-tab-wrapper; mso-style-unhide:no; margin:0cm; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; display:none; mso-hide:all;} p.md-alert, li.md-alert, div.md-alert {mso-style-name:md-alert; mso-style-unhide:no; margin-top:0cm; margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:12.0pt; margin-left:0cm; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; border:none; mso-border-left-alt:solid black 3.0pt; padding:0cm; mso-padding-alt:0cm 0cm 0cm 12.0pt; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;} p.md-alert-text-note, li.md-alert-text-note, div.md-alert-text-note {mso-style-name:md-alert-text-note; mso-style-unhide:no; margin:0cm; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; color:#0969DA;} p.md-alert-text-important, li.md-alert-text-important, div.md-alert-text-important {mso-style-name:md-alert-text-important; mso-style-unhide:no; margin:0cm; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; color:#8250DF;} p.md-alert-text-warning, li.md-alert-text-warning, div.md-alert-text-warning {mso-style-name:md-alert-text-warning; mso-style-unhide:no; margin:0cm; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; color:#9A6700;} p.md-alert-text-tip, li.md-alert-text-tip, div.md-alert-text-tip {mso-style-name:md-alert-text-tip; mso-style-unhide:no; margin:0cm; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; color:#1F883D;} p.md-alert-text-caution, li.md-alert-text-caution, div.md-alert-text-caution {mso-style-name:md-alert-text-caution; mso-style-unhide:no; margin:0cm; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; color:#CF222E;} p.md-alert-text, li.md-alert-text, div.md-alert-text {mso-style-name:md-alert-text; mso-style-unhide:no; margin:0cm; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; font-weight:bold;} p.code-tooltip, li.code-tooltip, div.code-tooltip {mso-style-name:code-tooltip; mso-style-unhide:no; margin:0cm; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; border:none; mso-border-top-alt:solid #EEF2F2 .75pt; padding:0cm; mso-padding-alt:0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;} p.md-mathjax-midline, li.md-mathjax-midline, div.md-mathjax-midline {mso-style-name:md-mathjax-midline; mso-style-unhide:no; margin:0cm; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; background:#FAFAFA; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;} p.md-tag, li.md-tag, div.md-tag {mso-style-name:md-tag; mso-style-unhide:no; margin:0cm; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; color:#A7A7A7;} p.md-toc, li.md-toc, div.md-toc {mso-style-name:md-toc; mso-style-unhide:no; margin-top:15.0pt; margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:0cm; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;} p.sidebar-tabs, li.sidebar-tabs, div.sidebar-tabs {mso-style-name:sidebar-tabs; mso-style-unhide:no; margin:0cm; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;} p.md-lang, li.md-lang, div.md-lang {mso-style-name:md-lang; mso-style-unhide:no; margin:0cm; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; color:#B4654D;} p.md-toc-inner, li.md-toc-inner, div.md-toc-inner {mso-style-name:md-toc-inner; mso-style-unhide:no; margin:0cm; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;} p.typora-export-content, li.typora-export-content, div.typora-export-content {mso-style-name:typora-export-content; mso-style-unhide:no; margin:0cm; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;} p.outline-content, li.outline-content, div.outline-content {mso-style-name:outline-content; mso-style-unhide:no; margin:0cm; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;} p.divider, li.divider, div.divider {mso-style-name:divider; mso-style-unhide:no; margin:0cm; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;} p.window-content, li.window-content, div.window-content {mso-style-name:window-content; mso-style-unhide:no; margin:0cm; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;} p.mathjaxdisplay, li.mathjaxdisplay, div.mathjaxdisplay {mso-style-name:mathjax_display; mso-style-unhide:no; margin:0cm; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;} p.btn, li.btn, div.btn {mso-style-name:btn; mso-style-unhide:no; margin:0cm; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;} p.mathjaxdisplay1, li.mathjaxdisplay1, div.mathjaxdisplay1 {mso-style-name:mathjax_display1; mso-style-unhide:no; margin-top:9.6pt; margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:0cm; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;} p.md-toc-inner1, li.md-toc-inner1, div.md-toc-inner1 {mso-style-name:md-toc-inner1; mso-style-unhide:no; margin-top:9.6pt; margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:9.6pt; margin-left:0cm; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; font-weight:bold;} p.md-toc-inner2, li.md-toc-inner2, div.md-toc-inner2 {mso-style-name:md-toc-inner2; mso-style-unhide:no; margin-top:9.6pt; margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:9.6pt; margin-left:24.0pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;} p.md-toc-inner3, li.md-toc-inner3, div.md-toc-inner3 {mso-style-name:md-toc-inner3; mso-style-unhide:no; margin-top:9.6pt; margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:9.6pt; margin-left:48.0pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;} p.md-toc-inner4, li.md-toc-inner4, div.md-toc-inner4 {mso-style-name:md-toc-inner4; mso-style-unhide:no; margin-top:9.6pt; margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:9.6pt; margin-left:72.0pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;} p.md-toc-inner5, li.md-toc-inner5, div.md-toc-inner5 {mso-style-name:md-toc-inner5; mso-style-unhide:no; margin-top:9.6pt; margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:9.6pt; margin-left:96.0pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;} p.md-toc-inner6, li.md-toc-inner6, div.md-toc-inner6 {mso-style-name:md-toc-inner6; mso-style-unhide:no; margin-top:9.6pt; margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:9.6pt; margin-left:120.0pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;} p.typora-export-content1, li.typora-export-content1, div.typora-export-content1 {mso-style-name:typora-export-content1; mso-style-unhide:no; mso-margin-top-alt:auto; margin-right:0cm; mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; margin-left:0cm; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;} p.outline-content1, li.outline-content1, div.outline-content1 {mso-style-name:outline-content1; mso-style-unhide:no; margin-top:9.6pt; margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:9.6pt; margin-left:0cm; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;} p.outline-item1, li.outline-item1, div.outline-item1 {mso-style-name:outline-item1; mso-style-unhide:no; margin-top:9.6pt; margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:9.6pt; margin-left:0cm; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;} p.outline-item2, li.outline-item2, div.outline-item2 {mso-style-name:outline-item2; mso-style-unhide:no; margin-top:9.6pt; margin-right:-6.0pt; margin-bottom:9.6pt; margin-left:-21.0pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;} p.outline-children1, li.outline-children1, div.outline-children1 {mso-style-name:outline-children1; mso-style-unhide:no; margin-top:9.6pt; margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:9.6pt; margin-left:0cm; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; display:none; mso-hide:all;} p.btn1, li.btn1, div.btn1 {mso-style-name:btn1; mso-style-unhide:no; margin-top:9.6pt; margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:9.6pt; margin-left:0cm; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;} p.divider1, li.divider1, div.divider1 {mso-style-name:divider1; mso-style-unhide:no; margin-top:9.6pt; margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:9.6pt; margin-left:0cm; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;} p.window-content1, li.window-content1, div.window-content1 {mso-style-name:window-content1; mso-style-unhide:no; margin-top:9.6pt; margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:9.6pt; margin-left:0cm; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; background:#FAFAFA; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;} .MsoChpDefault {mso-style-type:export-only; mso-default-props:yes; font-size:10.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size:10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt; mso-font-kerning:0pt; mso-ligatures:none;} @page WordSection1 {size:595.3pt 841.9pt; margin:72.0pt 90.0pt 72.0pt 90.0pt; mso-header-margin:35.4pt; mso-footer-margin:35.4pt; mso-paper-source:0;} div.WordSection1 {page:WordSection1;} /* List Definitions */ @list l0 {mso-list-id:521280486; mso-list-template-ids:-138488648;} @list l0:level1 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:·ð; mso-level-tab-stop:36.0pt; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-18.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size:10.0pt; font-family:Symbol;} @list l0:level2 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:o; mso-level-tab-stop:72.0pt; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-18.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Courier New"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";} @list l0:level3 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:§ð; mso-level-tab-stop:108.0pt; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-18.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size:10.0pt; font-family:Wingdings;} @list l0:level4 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:§ð; mso-level-tab-stop:144.0pt; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-18.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size:10.0pt; font-family:Wingdings;} @list l0:level5 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:§ð; mso-level-tab-stop:180.0pt; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-18.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size:10.0pt; font-family:Wingdings;} @list l0:level6 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:§ð; mso-level-tab-stop:216.0pt; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-18.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size:10.0pt; font-family:Wingdings;} @list l0:level7 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:§ð; mso-level-tab-stop:252.0pt; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-18.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size:10.0pt; font-family:Wingdings;} @list l0:level8 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:§ð; mso-level-tab-stop:288.0pt; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-18.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size:10.0pt; font-family:Wingdings;} @list l0:level9 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:§ð; mso-level-tab-stop:324.0pt; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-18.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size:10.0pt; font-family:Wingdings;} @list l1 {mso-list-id:1124035191; mso-list-template-ids:708224776;} ol {margin-bottom:0cm;} ul {margin-bottom:0cm;} --> </style> <!--[if gte mso 10]> <style> /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;} </style> <![endif]--> <meta charset=UTF-8> <meta name=viewport content="width=device-width initial-scale=1"> <!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:shapedefaults v:ext="edit" spidmax="1026"/> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:shapelayout v:ext="edit"> <o:idmap v:ext="edit" data="1"/> </o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]--> </head> <body lang=EN-US link="#4183C4" vlink="#4183C4" style='tab-interval:36.0pt; word-wrap:break-word'> <div class=WordSection1> <div> <div id=write> <h4><strong><span style='font-family:"Open Sans",sans-serif;mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:#333333'>The Disappearance of Localized Programming Languages: Why English Dominates Programming Today<o:p></o:p></span></strong></h4> <h6><span style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></h6> <h6><span style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>Historical Introduction: The Rise of Local Programming Languages<o:p></o:p></span></h6> <p><span style='font-family:"Open Sans",sans-serif;color:#333333'>In the early 1980s, there was a growing trend towards developing programming languages based on local languages (such as French, German, and even Spanish). Many countries aimed to enhance their educational and technological systems using languages familiar to their populations. For example, French programming languages like &quot;LSE&quot; were designed to teach programming to children and youth in French schools.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p><span style='font-family:"Open Sans",sans-serif;color:#333333'>These efforts were part of a vision to strengthen local technical and linguistic capabilities and reduce reliance on foreign languages. Even in non-English-speaking countries, movements emerged encouraging the adoption of local programming languages. However, this trend did not last long.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <h4 id=reasons-behind-the-dominance-of-english-in-programming><strong><span style='font-family:"Open Sans",sans-serif;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:#333333'>Reasons Behind the Dominance of English in Programming</span></strong><span style='font-family:"Open Sans",sans-serif;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:#333333'><o:p></o:p></span></h4> <p style='margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo1; tab-stops:list 36.0pt'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-family:"Open Sans",sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family:"Open Sans";color:#333333'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>1.<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><span dir=LTR></span><strong><span style='font-family:"Open Sans",sans-serif; color:#333333'>Technological Development in the U.S. and the Internet:</span></strong><span style='font-family:"Open Sans",sans-serif;color:#333333'> The U.S. has been, and still is, one of the largest global tech hubs. With the rise of the internet and the spread of major tech companies such as IBM, Microsoft, and Google, English was established as the primary language for programming. Many of the foundational technologies were developed in English-speaking environments, making English the default language for the global programming community.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style='margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo1; tab-stops:list 36.0pt'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-family:"Open Sans",sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family:"Open Sans";color:#333333'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>2.<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><span dir=LTR></span><strong><span style='font-family:"Open Sans",sans-serif; color:#333333'>Standardization and a Common Language:</span></strong><span style='font-family:"Open Sans",sans-serif;color:#333333'> As programming evolved and global communication between developers from different countries increased, there was a need for a common language that everyone could understand and use. English became the language that unified developers worldwide, facilitating the exchange of knowledge, the improvement of tools, and the development of shared software.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style='margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo1; tab-stops:list 36.0pt'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-family:"Open Sans",sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family:"Open Sans";color:#333333'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>3.<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><span dir=LTR></span><strong><span style='font-family:"Open Sans",sans-serif; color:#333333'>Global Software Frameworks and Systems:</span></strong><span style='font-family:"Open Sans",sans-serif;color:#333333'> With the growing adoption of global frameworks like UNIX, Linux, Windows, and other operating systems, English became the default language for tools, documentation, and resources. Global companies like Apple and Microsoft adopted English as the standard, pushing programmers to learn the language to use these systems.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style='margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo1; tab-stops:list 36.0pt'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-family:"Open Sans",sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family:"Open Sans";color:#333333'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>4.<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><span dir=LTR></span><strong><span style='font-family:"Open Sans",sans-serif; color:#333333'>Documentation and Resources in English:</span></strong><span style='font-family:"Open Sans",sans-serif;color:#333333'> Most programming resources, whether books, websites, or official documentation for tools, are primarily available in English. This helped cement English as the language of programming, as developers seeking to learn or improve their skills needed to read and understand these materials.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style='margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo1; tab-stops:list 36.0pt'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-family:"Open Sans",sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family:"Open Sans";color:#333333'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>5.<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><span dir=LTR></span><strong><span style='font-family:"Open Sans",sans-serif; color:#333333'>Academic Education and Globalization:</span></strong><span style='font-family:"Open Sans",sans-serif;color:#333333'> In academic institutions, especially in technical and engineering fields, English became the primary language of instruction, contributing to the decline of local languages in the programming field. Additionally, globalization has expanded the use of English, even in non-English-speaking countries, as the preferred language for technical and programming communication.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <h4 id=why-did-localized-programming-languages-disappear><strong><span style='font-family:"Open Sans",sans-serif;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:#333333'>Why Did Localized Programming Languages Disappear?</span></strong><span style='font-family:"Open Sans",sans-serif;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:#333333'><o:p></o:p></span></h4> <p><span style='font-family:"Open Sans",sans-serif;color:#333333'>Despite earlier efforts to develop local programming languages, several factors contributed to their decline, including:<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style='margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo2; tab-stops:list 36.0pt'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol;color:#333333'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>·<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><span dir=LTR></span><strong><span style='font-family:"Open Sans",sans-serif;color:#333333'>Difficulty in Keeping Up with Updates and Developments:</span></strong><span style='font-family:"Open Sans",sans-serif; color:#333333'> Programming languages require significant effort to update and evolve to keep pace with new innovations. Local languages lacked the community size or financial resources to compete with English in this field.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style='margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo2; tab-stops:list 36.0pt'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol;color:#333333'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>·<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><span dir=LTR></span><strong><span style='font-family:"Open Sans",sans-serif;color:#333333'>Increasing Reliance on Global Corporate Programming:</span></strong><span style='font-family:"Open Sans",sans-serif; color:#333333'> With the rise of major companies dominating the software market, it became essential for programmers to be able to work with the tools and documentation of these companies, most of which were in English.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style='margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo2; tab-stops:list 36.0pt'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol;color:#333333'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>·<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><span dir=LTR></span><strong><span style='font-family:"Open Sans",sans-serif;color:#333333'>Ease of Communication and Spread:</span></strong><span style='font-family:"Open Sans",sans-serif; color:#333333'> By relying on English, communication between developers from different countries became easier, speeding up technological development and reducing the need for local languages that limited the communication circle.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p><span style='font-family:"Open Sans",sans-serif;color:#333333'>The shift towards English as the dominant language in programming was a natural consequence of global technological and economic development. There were local attempts to introduce native languages into programming, but they couldn't survive the globalization and major technological trends. Today, English remains the dominant language in programming, playing a crucial role in uniting developers worldwide.<o:p></o:p></span></p> </div> </div> </div> </body> </html>

Advertisements

Responsive Counter
General Counter
1275553
Daily Counter
793