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Article by Ayman Alheraki on January 11 2026 10:37 AM

#4 Modern C++ and Rust Programming – A Comparative Educational Guide from Concepts to Applications

#4 Modern C++ and Rust Programming – A Comparative Educational Guide from Concepts to Applications

 

Real‑World Systems Built Using C++ and Rust

Real-World Use of C++

Critical Infrastructure and Operating Systems

C++ continues to be a core language in the development of operating systems, device drivers, and graphical subsystems. It is used extensively in legacy and modern systems like Windows, macOS, gaming engines, and Adobe multimedia products. Major companies such as Adobe, Apple, Microsoft, Google, Meta, Netflix, and NASA maintain large C++ codebases for high‑performance applications, drivers, graphics, search, analytics, and critical tooling

Career Karma.

Game Engines, Graphics Tools, and Embedded Software

Titans of multimedia—Adobe, Blizzard, and other studios—rely on C++ for high frame‑rate game engines, image rendering, custom codecs, and real‑time performance systems

Career Karma. Its deterministic behavior and control over memory make it irreplaceable in performance-critical domains.

Enterprise Systems and Backend Services

Many large-scale backend platforms still employ C++ for database engines, search infrastructure, and core services where latency and throughput are prioritized. Google and Meta use C++ in core backend systems alongside newer languages.

Real-World Systems Built Using Rust

Operating System and Kernel Adoption

  • Rust in Linux Kernel: In 2022, Linux 6.1 officially introduced initial support for writing kernel modules and drivers in Rust. By version 6.8, experimental drivers—including network PHY and Apple Silicon GPU drivers—were accepted into mainline kernel code

InfoQ.com.

  • According to Linux Journal (July 2025), these Rust modules have helped reduce memory safety vulnerabilities by eliminating many classes of bugs that historically caused two‑thirds of kernel CVEs

Linux Journal.

  • A 2025 update from MemorySafety.org confirms that Rust-based modules lead to more confident refactoring and increased developer participation, thanks to compile‑time safety enforcement

MemorySafety.org.

Experimental Scheduler Development – Ekiben

The Ekiben framework (2023) demonstrates real‑time Linux scheduler components implemented entirely in safe Rust. Its performance closely matches Linux's default scheduler (within ~1%) while supporting live upgrades and safer development workflows arxiv.org.

Framekernel OS – Asterinas

Asterinas (June 2025) is a Rust-based framekernel OS designed to be Linux ABI- compatible while minimizing its trusted computing base (TCB). It delivers Linux-like performance with only ~14 % of its codebase in safe Rust, showcasing feasibility for secure general-purpose OS kernels

arxiv.org.

Embedded Operating Systems – Tock OS

Tock is a real-time, memory-safe microkernel OS written in Rust (latest releases in 2025). Used on Cortex-M and RISC‑V platforms, it enforces strict process isolation without dynamic heap allocation in the kernel, ideal for IoT and safety‑critical applications

Wikipedia.

Application Frameworks and Tools

  • Tauri is a cross-platform GUI framework using Rust on the backend and WebView front-end. Since its stable v2 release in January 2025, Tauri has enabled resource-efficient desktop and mobile apps—typical alternatives to Electron—with Rust handling core logic

Wikipedia.

  • Kornia-rs: A native Rust 3D computer-vision library rivaling OpenCV performance. In benchmarks, it achieves 3–5× speedups in image transformations and offers safer memory handling without wrappers over C++ code

arxiv.org.

Industry-Wide Adoption

  • AWS continues using Rust for Firecracker (a virtualization solution powering Lambda and Fargate) and Bottlerocket, its container-optimized operating system, improving isolation and efficiency

debuginit.com.

  • Microsoft has integrated Rust into Windows components and Azure IoT Edge modules, reporting reduced memory safety vulnerabilities and higher throughput across distributed systems

debuginit.com.

  • Google uses Rust in Android for critical modules (Bluetooth, DNS-over-HTTPS, virtualization) and supports it in Chromium and Fuchsia OS development wired.com.

  • Cloudflare’s Pingora proxy server, built in Rust, delivers higher performance and reduced CPU usage versus legacy C/C++ services

rustmagazine.org.

  • Dropbox rewrote its file sync engine in Rust and adopted it for new tools like Dropbox Capture for improved reliability and performance

rustmagazine.org.

Summary Table: Real-World Systems Using C++ vs. Rust

Domain / System TypeC++ UsageRust Usage
Operating Systems & KernelsCore components in Windows, macOS, driver stacks, and embedded OSLinux kernel modules, experimental OSs such as Asterinas and Redox
Embedded & Real- Time SystemsAerospace, avionics, gaming engines (e.g. drones, automotive)Microcontroller OS like Tock, automotive safety-critical code reviews
Graphics & Game EnginesAdobe, Blizzard, custom rendering enginesRust-based vision libraries (Kornia-rs), UI frameworks (Tauri)
Cloud Services & VirtualizationBackend services, search, infrastructureAWS Firecracker, Bottlerocket, Cloudflare Pingora
Mobile & IoT FrameworksC++ in firmware and driversMicrosoft Azure IoTEdge, Android subsystems, embedded real-time services
Enterprise Backend SystemsAnalytics, search, internal toolingDropbox, Google internal microservices, Discord backend

References

  • Cloudflare, Dropbox, AWS, Disney, Tesla using Rust in infrastructure and tools (2022 business adoption data) Wikipedia

  • Linux kernel Rust support in 6.1 and 6.8 releases DebugPoint.com

  • Status and security impact of Rust modules in Linux kernel (Linux Journal 2025) Linux Journal

  • MemorySafety.org update on Rust adoption in kernel development (2025) www.memorysafety.org

  • Ekiben scheduler in Rust (2023) via academic preprint arxiv.org

  • Asterinas framekernel OS written in Rust (June 2025) arxiv.org

  • Tock microkernel RTOS in Rust (2025) Wikipedia

  • Tauri v2 desktop framework Rust backend (Jan 2025) Wikipedia

  • Kornia-rs native Rust computer vision library (May 2025) arxiv.org

  • Rust adoption case histories: Microsoft, Google, AWS, Cloudflare Wikipedia

 

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